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5.1 一般將來式
表示說話的人在將來某一刻將要發生的動作和存在狀態。

I will enter the peking University this summer.
They are going to the park tommorrow.

5.1.2 圖示

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5.1.3 結構

疑問句是將will或shall提前即可,否定在其後加"not"。
Shall I go to school tomorrow.
yes, you shall. / No, you shall not.

Will you go to America in 2009?
Yes, I will. / Not, I won't.

5.1.4 用法
5.1.4.1 表示說話的人在將來某個時刻發生的動作或存在的狀態。

The sports meeting will be held in 2018.
注:sports在這是形容詞
注:被動句

We will have a picnic this weekend.
注:weekend前應加介詞。on the weekend、at the weekend。
注:由於this是指示代詞、因此不用加介詞。

5.1.4.2 特殊用法
表示一般將來時,除了可以用will和shall的結果,還可能用以下几種結構,但要注意區別。

1) be going to do 表示即將要發生的事或打算,計劃,決定或很有可能發生的事。
I am going to have a holiday nect week.
我一星期準備去度假。

We are going to spend two moths reading this book.
注:spend on something. 固定表達

2) be about to do 表示安排好了或籌備已久的事情。
He is about to swim across this channel next month.
他打算下個月橫度這個海峽。

be about to 這個結構一般還和when連用形成固定配答。

When it rain yesterday, I was about to go to the shopping mall.
昨天下雨的時候,我剛好要去購物中心。

特別注意,一般在when結構中使用過去將來時態都是用be about to do的結構。

3) be to do表示安排好,且是將來可能成為現實的事情.
I am to be a doctor in a few years.
注:3.3.3.5 little後接不可數名詞,few後接可數名詞。

President Xi is to visit Russia in 2019.

5.2 過去將來式

(1) 定義:表示說話的人在過去將來的某一時劇所發生的動作或存在的狀態。
They said they would have a very important metting next week.
Could you help me?

(2)圖示

這個時態與現在和將來相接,句子當中的時態既可以是現在發生,也可以是將來發生。所以也就導致過去將來時經常用於賓語從句中。

(3) 結構

Should I go to school tomorrow?
Yes, you should. / No, you should not.
Would you go to America in 2009?
Yes, I would. / No, I would not.

(4) 用法
主要用於間接引用(賓語從句)中。
She said that she could go to college next year.
注:college是不可數名詞
They hoped that they could defeat the enemies.

5.3 現在進行式
(1) 定義
表示說話的人即刻所發生的動作或存在的狀態。
Sherry is playing basketball.
Henry and Bruce are writing something.
They are cooking the dinner.

(2) 圖示

表示正在發生的事情。他可以表示動作的某種持續性,即動作可以在一段時間發生。

(3) 結構

He is playing basketball at this moment/
Is he playing basketball at this moment/
Yes, he is. / No, he is not.

(4) 用法
1. 表示說話的人正在發生的動作或存在的狀態。它經常和now, at this moment, at the same tine等連用。
She is having a bath.
Is she having a bath?
Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.
What is she doing?

2. 表示說話的人在最近一段時間內正在發生的動作或存在的狀態。經常和these days, these weeks等詞連用。
He is reading this book these days.
They are trying to look for this person these weeks.

特殊用法
1. 用於表示將來發生的事情,常表示『意圖』,『安排』或『打算』的含意,特別表示最近或較近事情的發生。常用於位移動詞中。
The train is leaving at 7:45am.
He is going for a holiday.
2. always可以用於現在進行式,用來表示說話某種感情色彩。
She is always criticizing other people.
The teacher is always laughing at this students.

(5) 比較
1. 一般現在式可表示最近發生的事情:
He reads a book these days.
現在進行式也可表示最近發生的事情:
He is reading a book these days.

現在進行式更強調動作的持續性,表示說話的人最近几天都在進行此動作,而且連續不斷,但是一般現在式表示可能在最近一段時間做此動作,并沒有持續性,可能是斷斷續續。

2. 位移動詞的代替使用
在位移動詞的使用過程中,既可以用一般現在時態代替一般將來時態,也可以用現在進行時態代替一般將來時態。
The train is leaving at 3 o'clock pm.
The train leaves at 3 o'clock pm.

5.4 過去進行式
定義:
表示說話的人過去某個具體時間所發生的動作或存在的狀態。
He was having breakfast at 7 o'clock yesterday morning.
What were you doing when I came back?
While I was having lunch, the door bell was ringing.

過去進行時都要和一定的時間狀語連用。一般來說,不把過去進行時單獨使用。

圖示:

過去進行時態表示的是過去某一具體時刻發生的事情,而和一般過去時態所不同的在於:過去進行時態強調時間點發生的事,而後者強調時間段要發生的事。

結構:

He was doing his homework.
Was he doing his homework?
Yes, he was. / No, he was not.

用法:
(1) 常和過去某一具體時間連用表示正在發生的動作和存在的狀態。
He was playing football at 7 last night.
What was the boy doing when the thieves stole his clothes?

(2) 常有文中出現『when+過去進行時,一般過去時』的結構。
What were they doing when the accident happened?
She was living in BeJing when she was 8 year old.

(3) 主要用於間接引語(賓語從句)中。
I told you that shw was leaving soon.
He told me that he was having lunch at that time.

5.5 將來進行時
定義:
表示說話的人在將來某個具體時間所發生的動作或存在的狀態。
They will be giving a speech tommorrow morning.

將來進行時在表示將來所發生的動作和存在的狀態中,相比較一般將來時來說,發生的可能性更大。

圖示:

結構:

She will be singing at this time of next week.
Will she be singing at this time of next week?
Yes, she will. / No, she will not. / Ni, she won't.

基本用法:
表示說話的人在將來的某一個具體時刻發生的動作或存在的狀態。
Henry will be going to the US tomorrow to visit her girl friend.
People will be waiting for the music band to give a performance in three days.

特殊用法
Will you be waiting for me?
這句子所表示的含意又要比Will you wait for me? 更委婉一些。
Could you help me? 比 Can you help me? 更委婉一些。

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