kk匡的日記&學習筆記

1.1班思閱讀三部曲：尋讀(scan)，跳讀(skim)，精讀(read intensively)。

1.2 尋讀，通過尋找和閱讀關鍵字，通過這些關鍵性特徵詞匯，迅速在文章定位。
數字。
專有代詞。
獨立羊群之詞。

背景句
1. 强调某个话题一直是争论的焦点，或者强调某个长期存在的现象。
There has long been controversy about the ... negative effect of traveling by car.

... has long been ...
Traving to different places has long been a leisure activity on vacation.

16. 平行结构和对称
16.1 "and, or, but"的平行結構，這些并列連詞前後的結構，如名詞，動詞，動賓短詞等要保持一致。
The process of education begins at birth and continuing throughout life.
continuing是现在分词，和begins这个谓语动词不匹配。
The process of education begins at birth and continues throughout life.

15 名詞性從句的使用錯誤

15.1 "weather, that"不能同時連用
The question remains whether that it was a serious love affair or a passing fancy.
The question remains whether it was a serious love affair or a passing fancy.

15.2 名詞性從句可以用"how, whtat, when, where"等詞引導，和"that"不能同時連用。

14 定語從句的錯誤使用

定語從句一般是修飾一個名詞（稱為先行詞）

Unlike the Government, which advocates increasing the amount of money spent on public housing, the private sector considers it inconsistent with the market principles.
Unlike the Government, who advocates increasing the amount of money spent on public housing, the private sector considers it inconsistent with the market principles.

13 包子殘缺

13.1 從屬連詞("because, although, that"等)一定要連接2個句子。
狀語從句一搬都是以("because, although, since, as"等)連接2個句子。
Because it is not serious. Many countries do not take any real countermeasure.
Because it is not serious, many countries do not take any real countermeasure.

12. 代詞的使用錯誤
作主語的代詞 作賓語的代詞 形容詞性物主代詞 名詞性物主代詞
I me my mine
you you your yours
he him his his

11. 連詞的使用錯誤

11.1 一般來說，２個連遐不能同時出現在句子當中。
典型的例子包括"because, so, although, but".

Although the crime rate is falling in many parts of the world, but violent crimes are constantly rampant.
Although the crime rate is falling in many parts of the world, violent crimes are constantly rampant.

10. 副詞的使用錯誤
10.1 副詞或者名詞短句充當收語的時候，前面不能加介詞。
Students are more likely to do homework on the computer in today.
Today, students are more likely to do homework on the computer.
Today作狀語時候是一個副詞，前面不能加介詞。

9. 助動詞的使用錯誤
"be, been, being"出現的時候，後接的動詞不是原形，而是動詞的現在分詞或者過去分詞。

A country should be balance the budget each yaer.
A country should balance the budget each yaer.
注：2.4 有一些代詞"each"後面的謂語動詞一定是單數。

8. 情景動詞的使用錯誤
使用情景動週"can, could, must, need, amy, might"的時候，需要注意它們在意義上的區別。
can/ could | 有能力（或者有可能）去做某事 | 可能會
should / ought to | 一定要去做某事 | 必定會去做
must | 必須去做某事 | 必定會去做

7. 介詞的使用錯誤
介詞不是連詞，一般後面只能接名詞，或者，具備名詞性質的短語，或者帶連詞的賓語從句，因此不能加句子。
比較容易當成連詞的介詞有"despite, in spite of, during, because of, due to"，也不能加動詞。

Many smokers are unwilling to cease smoking despite they have knowledge of ill health effects.
Many smokers are unwilling to cease smoking despite their knowledge of ill health effects.

6. 數的不一致（名詞的單複數問題）
有些詞或者短語後面一般要加可數名詞的複數。如"a few, few, a variety of, various, other, numerous, a number of, different, one of, many, several, these".

Smoking cessation is one of the likely factor that contribute to the development of obesity.
Smoking cessation is one of the likely factors that contribute to the development of obesity.
one of後面要加名詞的複數。

5. 冠詞使用錯誤
可數名詞前一般要加定冠詞或者不定冠詞。
可數名詞如果使用定冠詞，要麼表示一類東西，要麼表示特指。否則，要變成複數形式。
另外一種可能性是使用所有格的形式。
不可數名詞沒有此約束。

4. 及物動詞的使用錯誤
及物動詞一定要加名詞，或名詞性質成份的賓語。

4.1 主語+謂語動詞+賓語

I will discuss in some detail.
I will discuss this topic in some detail.

3. 不及物動詞和連系動詞沒有被動語態
如果要加賓語，則要加介詞
happen, appear, disappear, rise, emerge, occur, take place

seem, appear, prove, turn out, grow 等連繫動詞後也可接不定式(尤其是 to be)短語作表語

sound, smell, feel, taste, become 等連繫動詞後通常不能接不定式(也可以理解為用主動表被動）

1. 句子或者動詞不能充當主語或者賓語

Give children a comfortable home environment is partens' duty.
Parents' duty is to give children a comfortable home environment.

Students receive job training is important.
It is important for students to receive job training.