kk匡的日記&學習筆記

12.1 語序
12.1.1 定義
用來表示句子中的主謂和賓語之間位置關系的一種語法現象。

12.1.2 分類
12.1.2.1. 自然語序：主語在前，謂語在後的一種語序。
We love peace. 我們熱愛和平。
That apple tree is so big.

12.1.2.2. 倒裝語序：謂語提到主語前面的語序
1. 謂語部分完全置於主語之前的語序，稱為完全倒裝。
There came a bus.
Here is a map of China.

2. 謂語部分中的助動詞提到主語之前，而實義動詞的位置不變的語序，稱為部分倒裝。
How did you like the show? 你覺得演出如何？
When do you come to China? 你什麼時候來中國？

12.1.2.3. 常見的倒裝形式
1. 由引導詞there引起的完全倒裝。
There are three desk in the classroom.
There is a pear in the box.

2. 由時間狀語（now和then等）或地點狀語（there, here, up, down）位於句首引起完全倒裝。

Here is a dog.
At the top of the hill stands a pine tree.
Now comes your turn.

3. 由so. neither, either位於句首引起的完全倒裝。
You can swim. So can I.
The first one is not good. Neither is the last one.
I can't swim. Nor can you.

4. 由分詞短語位於句首引起的完全倒裝
Standing by the table was a beautiful lady.
Sitting in a chair is a fox.

5. 在直接引語中出現的完全倒裝。
"I love you!" said she.
"Do you know it?" cried your wife.

6. 某些否定副詞（never, seldom, nowwhere），否定短語（no sooner...than, hardly...when, scarely...when, not only...but also）位於句首引起部分倒裝

Never does he realize how important the meeting is.
Hardly had she gone out when it began to rain.
注：下雨的時間動作比較長，用過去進行式。出門的時間動作比較短，用過去完成式。

注：when, while, as用法

1. When用法 ( 過去進行式, when過去完成式 )
When I was window-shopping, I saw Amy were talking with Sue in front of a convenience store.
或寫成 -> I saw Amy were talking with Sue in front of a convenience store when I was window-shopping.

發生的時間較長的，通常會用過去進行式、較短的是過去完成式。
When we got to Mary's home, she was watching TV.

當我在高雄讀書的時候，我常常是早上六點起床。
I often got up at 6:00 in the morning while I studied in Kaohsiung.

Not only does she speak English very well, but also she speaks Japanese very fluently.

7. 在疑問句中引起部分倒裝。
a. 一般疑問句引起的部分倒裝
Did he have a cold?
Is she a student?

b. 特殊疑問句引起的完全倒裝
Where is she going?
What did you say?